Format Sage documentation for viewing with IPython and the notebook¶

AUTHORS:

William Stein (2005): initial version.
Nick Alexander (2007): nodetex functions
Nick Alexander (2008): search_src, search_def improvements
Martin Albrecht (2008-03-21): parse LaTeX description environments in sagedoc
John Palmieri (2009-04-11): fix for #5754 plus doctests
Dan Drake (2009-05-21): refactor search_* functions, use system ‘find’ instead of sage -grep
John Palmieri (2009-06-28): don’t use ‘find’ – use Python (os.walk, re.search) instead.
Simon King (2011-09): Use os.linesep, avoid destruction of embedding information, enable nodetex in a docstring. Consequently use sage_getdoc.

sage.misc.sagedoc.detex(s, embedded=False)¶

This strips LaTeX commands from a string; it is used by the format function to process docstrings for display from the command line interface.

INPUT:

s - string
embedded - boolean (optional, default False)

If embedded is False, then do the replacements in both math_substitutes and nonmath_substitutes. If True, then only do nonmath_substitutes.

OUTPUT:

string

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.misc.sagedoc import detex
sage: detex(r'Some math: `n \geq k`.  A website: \url{sagemath.org}.')
'Some math: n >= k.  A website: sagemath.org.\n'
sage: detex(r'More math: `x \mapsto y`.  {\bf Bold face}.')
'More math: x  |-->  y.  { Bold face}.\n'
sage: detex(r'`a, b, c, \ldots, z`')
'a, b, c, ..., z\n'
sage: detex(r'`a, b, c, \ldots, z`', embedded=True)
'`a, b, c, \\ldots, z`'
sage: detex(r'`\left(\lvert x\ast y \rvert\right]`')
'(| x * y |]\n'
sage: detex(r'`\left(\leq\le\leftarrow \rightarrow\unknownmacro\to`')
'(<=<=<-- -->\\unknownmacro-->\n'

sage.misc.sagedoc.format(s, embedded=False)¶

noreplace Format Sage documentation s for viewing with IPython.

This calls detex on s to convert LaTeX commands to plain text, unless the directive nodetex is given in the first line of the string.

Also, if s contains a string of the form <<<obj>>>, then it replaces it with the docstring for obj, unless the directive noreplace is given in the first line. If an error occurs under the attempt to find the docstring for obj, then the substring <<<obj>>> is preserved.

Directives must be separated by a comma.

INPUT:

s - string
embedded - boolean (optional, default False)

OUTPUT: string

Set embedded equal to True if formatting for use in the notebook; this just gets passed as an argument to detex.

See also

sage.misc.sageinspect.sage_getdoc() to get the formatted documentation of a given object.

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.misc.sagedoc import format
sage: identity_matrix(2).rook_vector.__doc__[202:274]
'Let `A` be an `m` by `n` (0,1)-matrix. We identify `A` with a chessboard'

sage: format(identity_matrix(2).rook_vector.__doc__[202:274])
'Let A be an m by n (0,1)-matrix. We identify A with a chessboard\n'

If the first line of the string is ‘nodetex’, remove ‘nodetex’ but don’t modify any TeX commands:

sage: format("nodetex\n`x \\geq y`")
'`x \\geq y`'

Testing a string enclosed in triple angle brackets:

sage: format('<<<identity_matrix')
'<<<identity_matrix\n'
sage: format('identity_matrix>>>')
'identity_matrix>>>\n'
sage: format('<<<identity_matrix>>>')[:28]
'Definition: identity_matrix('

sage.misc.sagedoc.format_search_as_html(what, results, search)¶

Format the output from search_src, search_def, or search_doc as html, for use in the notebook.

INPUT:

what - (string) what was searched (source code or documentation)
results - (string or list) the results of the search as a string or list of search results
search - (string or list) what was being searched for, either as a string which is taken verbatim, or a list of multiple search terms if there were more than one

This function parses results: each line should have either the form FILENAME or FILENAME: string where FILENAME is the file in which the string that matched the search was found. If FILENAME ends in ‘.html’, then this is part of the documentation; otherwise, it is in the source code. In either case, an appropriate link is created.

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.misc.sagedoc import format_search_as_html
sage: format_search_as_html('Source', 'algebras/steenrod_algebra_element.py:        an antihomomorphism: if we call the antipode `c`, then', 'antipode antihomomorphism')
'<html><font color="black"><h2>Search Source: "antipode antihomomorphism"</h2></font><font color="darkpurple"><ol><li><a href="/src/algebras/steenrod_algebra_element.py" target="_blank"><tt>algebras/steenrod_algebra_element.py</tt></a>\n</ol></font></html>'
sage: format_search_as_html('Other', 'html/en/reference/sage/algebras/steenrod_algebra_element.html:an antihomomorphism: if we call the antipode <span class="math">c</span>, then', 'antipode antihomomorphism')
'<html><font color="black"><h2>Search Other: "antipode antihomomorphism"</h2></font><font color="darkpurple"><ol><li><a href="/doc/live/reference/sage/algebras/steenrod_algebra_element.html" target="_blank"><tt>reference/sage/algebras/steenrod_algebra_element.html</tt></a>\n</ol></font></html>'

sage.misc.sagedoc.format_src(s)¶

Format Sage source code s for viewing with IPython.

If s contains a string of the form “<<<obj>>>”, then it replaces it with the source code for “obj”.

INPUT: s - string

OUTPUT: string

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.misc.sagedoc import format_src
sage: format_src('unladen swallow')
'unladen swallow'
sage: format_src('<<<Sq>>>')[5:15]
'Sq(*nums):'

sage.misc.sagedoc.help(module=None)¶

If there is an argument module, print the Python help message for module. With no argument, print a help message about getting help in Sage.

EXAMPLES:

sage: help()
Welcome to Sage ...

sage.misc.sagedoc.my_getsource(obj, oname='')¶

Retrieve the source code for obj.

INPUT:

obj – a Sage object, function, etc.
oname – str (optional). A name under which the object is known. Currently ignored by Sage.

OUTPUT:

Its documentation (string)

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.misc.sagedoc import my_getsource
sage: s = my_getsource(identity_matrix)
sage: s[15:34]
'def identity_matrix'

sage.misc.sagedoc.process_dollars(s)¶

Replace dollar signs with backticks.

More precisely, do a regular expression search. Replace a plain dollar sign ($) by a backtick (`). Replace an escaped dollar sign (\$) by a dollar sign ($). Don’t change a dollar sign preceded or followed by a backtick (`$ or $`), because of strings like “$HOME”. Don’t make any changes on lines starting with more spaces than the first nonempty line in s, because those are indented and hence part of a block of code or examples.

This also doesn’t replaces dollar signs enclosed in curly braces, to avoid nested math environments.

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.misc.sagedoc import process_dollars
sage: process_dollars('hello')
'hello'
sage: process_dollars('some math: $x=y$')
'some math: `x=y`'

Replace \$ with $, and don’t do anything when backticks are involved:

sage: process_dollars(r'a ``$REAL`` dollar sign: \$')
'a ``$REAL`` dollar sign: $'

Don’t make any changes on lines indented more than the first nonempty line:

sage: s = '\n first line\n     indented $x=y$'
sage: s == process_dollars(s)
True

Don’t replace dollar signs enclosed in curly braces:

sage: process_dollars(r'f(n) = 0 \text{ if $n$ is prime}')
'f(n) = 0 \\text{ if $n$ is prime}'

This is not perfect:

sage: process_dollars(r'$f(n) = 0 \text{ if $n$ is prime}$')
'`f(n) = 0 \\text{ if $n$ is prime}$'

The regular expression search doesn’t find the last $. Fortunately, there don’t seem to be any instances of this kind of expression in the Sage library, as of this writing.

sage.misc.sagedoc.process_extlinks(s, embedded=False)¶

In docstrings at the command line, process markup related to the Sphinx extlinks extension. For example, replace :trac:`NUM` with https://trac.sagemath.org/NUM, and similarly with :python:TEXT and :wikipedia:TEXT, looking up the url from the dictionary extlinks in sage.docs.conf. If TEXT is of the form blah <LINK>, then it uses LINK rather than TEXT to construct the url.

In the notebook, don’t do anything: let sphinxify take care of it.

INPUT:

s – string, in practice a docstring
embedded – boolean (optional, default False)

This function is called by format(), and if in the notebook, it sets embedded to be True, otherwise False.

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.misc.sagedoc import process_extlinks
sage: process_extlinks('See :trac:`1234`, :wikipedia:`Wikipedia <Sage_(mathematics_software)>`, and :trac:`4321` ...')
'See https://trac.sagemath.org/1234, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sage_(mathematics_software), and https://trac.sagemath.org/4321 ...'
sage: process_extlinks('See :trac:`1234` for more information.', embedded=True)
'See :trac:`1234` for more information.'
sage: process_extlinks('see :python:`Implementing Descriptors <reference/datamodel.html#implementing-descriptors>` ...')
'see https://docs.python.org/release/.../reference/datamodel.html#implementing-descriptors ...'

sage.misc.sagedoc.process_mathtt(s)¶

Replace \mathtt{BLAH} with BLAH in the command line.

INPUT:

s - string, in practice a docstring

This function is called by format().

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.misc.sagedoc import process_mathtt
sage: process_mathtt(r'e^\mathtt{self}')
'e^self'

sage.misc.sagedoc.search_def(name, extra1='', extra2='', extra3='', extra4='', extra5='', **kwds)¶

Search Sage library source code for function definitions containing name. The search is case-insensitive by default.

INPUT: same as for search_src().

OUTPUT: same as for search_src().

Note

The regular expression used by this function only finds function definitions that are preceded by spaces, so if you use tabs on a “def” line, this function will not find it. As tabs are not allowed in Sage library code, this should not be a problem.

EXAMPLES:

See the documentation for search_src() for more examples.

sage: print(search_def("fetch", interact=False)) # random # long time
matrix/matrix0.pyx:    cdef fetch(self, key):
matrix/matrix0.pxd:    cdef fetch(self, key)

sage: print(search_def("fetch", path_re="pyx", interact=False)) # random # long time
matrix/matrix0.pyx:    cdef fetch(self, key):

sage.misc.sagedoc.search_doc(string, extra1='', extra2='', extra3='', extra4='', extra5='', **kwds)¶

Search Sage HTML documentation for lines containing string. The search is case-insensitive by default.

The file paths in the output are relative to $SAGE_DOC.

INPUT: same as for search_src().

OUTPUT: same as for search_src().

EXAMPLES:

See the documentation for search_src() for more examples.

sage: search_doc('creates a polynomial', path_re='tutorial', interact=False) # random
html/en/tutorial/tour_polynomial.html:<p>This creates a polynomial ring and tells Sage to use (the string)

If you search the documentation for ‘tree’, then you will get too many results, because many lines in the documentation contain the word ‘toctree’. If you use the whole_word option, though, you can search for ‘tree’ without returning all of the instances of ‘toctree’. In the following, since search_doc('tree', interact=False) returns a string with one line for each match, counting the length of search_doc('tree', interact=False).splitlines() gives the number of matches.

sage: N = len(search_doc('tree', interact=False).splitlines())  # optional - dochtml, long time
sage: L = search_doc('tree', whole_word=True, interact=False).splitlines()  # optional - dochtml, long time
sage: len(L) < N  # optional - dochtml, long time
True
sage: import re
sage: tree_re = re.compile(r'(^|\W)tree(\W|$)', re.I)
sage: all(tree_re.search(l) for l in L) # optional - dochtml, long time
True

sage.misc.sagedoc.search_src(string, extra1='', extra2='', extra3='', extra4='', extra5='', **kwds)¶

Search Sage library source code for lines containing string. The search is case-insensitive by default.

INPUT:

string - a string to find in the Sage source code.
extra1, …, extra5 - additional strings to require when searching. Lines must match all of these, as well as string.
whole_word (optional, default False) - if True, search for string and extra1 (etc.) as whole words only. This assumes that each of these arguments is a single word, not a regular expression, and it might have unexpected results if used with regular expressions.
ignore_case (optional, default True) - if False, perform a case-sensitive search
multiline (optional, default False) - if True, search more than one line at a time. In this case, print any matching file names, but don’t print line numbers.
interact (optional, default True) - if False, return a string with all the matches. Otherwise, this function returns None, and the results are displayed appropriately, according to whether you are using the notebook or the command-line interface. You should not ordinarily need to use this.
path_re (optional, default ‘’) - regular expression which the filename (including the path) must match.
module (optional, default ‘sage’) - the module in which to search. The default is ‘sage’, the entire Sage library. If module doesn’t start with “sage”, then the links in the notebook output may not function.

OUTPUT: If interact is False, then return a string with all of the matches, separated by newlines. On the other hand, if interact is True (the default), there is no output. Instead: at the command line, the search results are printed on the screen in the form filename:line_number:line of text, showing the filename in which each match occurs, the line number where it occurs, and the actual matching line. (If multiline is True, then only the filename is printed for each match.) The file paths in the output are relative to $SAGE_SRC. In the notebook, each match produces a link to the actual file in which it occurs.

The string and extraN arguments are treated as regular expressions, as is path_re, and errors will be raised if they are invalid. The matches will be case-insensitive unless ignore_case is False.

Note

The extraN parameters are present only because search_src(string, *extras, interact=False) is not parsed correctly by Python 2.6; see http://bugs.python.org/issue1909.

EXAMPLES:

First note that without using interact=False, this function produces no output, while with interact=False, the output is a string. These examples almost all use this option, so that they have something to which to compare their output.

You can search for “matrix” by typing search_src("matrix"). This particular search will produce many results:

sage: len(search_src("matrix", interact=False).splitlines()) # random # long time
9522

You can restrict to the Sage calculus code with search_src("matrix", module="sage.calculus"), and this produces many fewer results:

sage: len(search_src("matrix", module="sage.calculus", interact=False).splitlines()) # random
26

Note that you can do tab completion on the module string. Another way to accomplish a similar search:

sage: len(search_src("matrix", path_re="calc", interact=False).splitlines()) > 15
True

The following produces an error because the string ‘fetch(’ is a malformed regular expression:

sage: print(search_src(" fetch(", "def", interact=False)) # py2
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
error: unbalanced parenthesis

sage: print(search_src(" fetch(", "def", interact=False)) # py3
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
error: missing ), unterminated subpattern at position 6

To fix this, escape the parenthesis with a backslash:

sage: print(search_src(r" fetch\(", "def", interact=False)) # random # long time
matrix/matrix0.pyx:    cdef fetch(self, key):
matrix/matrix0.pxd:    cdef fetch(self, key)

sage: print(search_src(r" fetch\(", "def", "pyx", interact=False)) # random # long time
matrix/matrix0.pyx:    cdef fetch(self, key):

As noted above, the search is case-insensitive, but you can make it case-sensitive with the ‘ignore_case’ key word:

sage: s = search_src('Matrix', path_re='matrix', interact=False); s.find('x') > 0
True

sage: s = search_src('MatRiX', path_re='matrix', interact=False); s.find('x') > 0
True

sage: s = search_src('MatRiX', path_re='matrix', interact=False, ignore_case=False); s.find('x') > 0
False

Searches are by default restricted to single lines, but this can be changed by setting multiline to be True. In the following, since search_src(string, interact=False) returns a string with one line for each match, counting the length of search_src(string, interact=False).splitlines() gives the number of matches.

sage: len(search_src('log', 'derivative', interact=False).splitlines()) < 40
True
sage: len(search_src('log', 'derivative', interact=False, multiline=True).splitlines()) > 70
True

A little recursive narcissism: let’s do a doctest that searches for this function’s doctests. Note that you can’t put “sage:” in the doctest string because it will get replaced by the Python “>>>” prompt.

sage: print(search_src(r'^ *sage[:] .*search_src\(', interact=False)) # long time
misc/sagedoc.py:... len(search_src("matrix", interact=False).splitlines()) # random # long time
misc/sagedoc.py:... len(search_src("matrix", module="sage.calculus", interact=False).splitlines()) # random
misc/sagedoc.py:... len(search_src("matrix", path_re="calc", interact=False).splitlines()) > 15
misc/sagedoc.py:... print(search_src(" fetch(", "def", interact=False)) # py2
misc/sagedoc.py:... print(search_src(" fetch(", "def", interact=False)) # py3
misc/sagedoc.py:... print(search_src(r" fetch\(", "def", interact=False)) # random # long time
misc/sagedoc.py:... print(search_src(r" fetch\(", "def", "pyx", interact=False)) # random # long time
misc/sagedoc.py:... s = search_src('Matrix', path_re='matrix', interact=False); s.find('x') > 0
misc/sagedoc.py:... s = search_src('MatRiX', path_re='matrix', interact=False); s.find('x') > 0
misc/sagedoc.py:... s = search_src('MatRiX', path_re='matrix', interact=False, ignore_case=False); s.find('x') > 0
misc/sagedoc.py:... len(search_src('log', 'derivative', interact=False).splitlines()) < 40
misc/sagedoc.py:... len(search_src('log', 'derivative', interact=False, multiline=True).splitlines()) > 70
misc/sagedoc.py:... print(search_src(r'^ *sage[:] .*search_src\(', interact=False)) # long time
misc/sagedoc.py:... len(search_src("matrix", interact=False).splitlines()) > 9000 # long time
misc/sagedoc.py:... print(search_src('matrix', 'column', 'row', 'sub', 'start', 'index', interact=False)) # random # long time
misc/sagedoc.py:... sage: results = search_src('format_search_as_html', # long time

sage.misc.sagedoc.skip_TESTS_block(docstring)¶

Remove blocks labeled “TESTS:” from docstring.

INPUT:

docstring, a string

A “TESTS” block is a block starting “TESTS:” (or the same with two colons), on a line on its own, and ending either with a line indented less than “TESTS”, or with a line with the same level of indentation – not more – matching one of the following:

a Sphinx directive of the form “.. foo:”, optionally followed by other text.
text of the form “UPPERCASE:”, optionally followed by other text.
lines which look like a reST header: one line containing anything, followed by a line consisting only of a string of hyphens, equal signs, or other characters which are valid markers for reST headers: - = ` : ' " ~ _ ^ * + # < >. However, lines only containing double colons $::$ do not end “TESTS” blocks.

Return the string obtained from docstring by removing these blocks.

EXAMPLES:

sage: from sage.misc.sagedoc import skip_TESTS_block
sage: start = ' Docstring\n\n'
sage: test = ' TESTS: \n\n Here is a test::\n     sage: 2+2 \n     5 \n\n'
sage: test2 = ' TESTS:: \n\n     sage: 2+2 \n     6 \n\n'

Test lines starting with “REFERENCES:”:

sage: refs = ' REFERENCES: \n text text \n'
sage: skip_TESTS_block(start + test + refs).rstrip() == (start + refs).rstrip()
True
sage: skip_TESTS_block(start + test + test2 + refs).rstrip() == (start + refs).rstrip()
True
sage: skip_TESTS_block(start + test + refs + test2).rstrip() == (start + refs).rstrip()
True

Test Sphinx directives:

sage: directive = ' .. todo:: \n     do some stuff \n'
sage: skip_TESTS_block(start + test + refs + test2 + directive).rstrip() == (start + refs + directive).rstrip()
True

Test unindented lines:

sage: unindented = 'NOT INDENTED\n'
sage: skip_TESTS_block(start + test + unindented).rstrip() == (start + unindented).rstrip()
True
sage: skip_TESTS_block(start + test + unindented + test2 + unindented).rstrip() == (start + unindented + unindented).rstrip()
True

Test headers:

sage: header = ' Header:\n ~~~~~~~~'
sage: skip_TESTS_block(start + test + header) == start + header
True

Not a header because the characters on the second line must all be the same:

sage: fake_header = ' Header:\n -=-=-=-=-='
sage: skip_TESTS_block(start + test + fake_header).rstrip() == start.rstrip()
True

Not a header because it’s indented compared to ‘TEST’ in the string test:

sage: another_fake = '\n    blah\n    ----'
sage: skip_TESTS_block(start + test + another_fake).rstrip() == start.rstrip()
True

Double colons :: are also not considered as headers (trac ticket #27896):

sage: colons = ' ::\n\n     sage: 2+2\n     4\n\n'
sage: skip_TESTS_block(start + test2 + colons).rstrip() == start.rstrip()
True

Format Sage documentation for viewing with IPython and the notebook¶

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