External Packages

Standard Packages

The Sage distribution includes most programs and libraries on which Sage depends. It installs them automatically if it does not find equivalent system packages.

• _prereq: Represents system packages required for installing SageMath from source

• alabaster: Default theme for the Sphinx documentation system

• appdirs: A small Python module for determining appropriate platform-specific dirs, e.g. a “user data dir”.

• appnope: Disable App Nap on OS X

• arb: Arbitrary-precision floating-point ball arithmetic

• argon2_cffi: The secure Argon2 password hashing algorithm

• attrs: Decorator for Python classes with attributes

• babel: Internationalization utilities for Python

• backcall: Specifications for callback functions

• bleach: An HTML-sanitizing tool

• boost_cropped: Portable C++ libraries (subset needed for Sage)

• brial: Boolean Ring Algebra implementation using binary decision diagrams

• bzip2: High-quality data compressor

• cddlib: Double description method for polyhedral representation conversion

• certifi: Python package for providing Mozilla’s CA Bundle

• cffi: Foreign Function Interface for Python calling C code

• cliquer: Routines for clique searching

• cmake: A cross-platform build system generator

• combinatorial_designs: Data from the Handbook of Combinatorial Designs

• conway_polynomials: Tables of Conway polynomials over finite fields

• curl: Multiprotocol data transfer library and utility

• cvxopt: Python software for convex optimization

• cycler: Composable cycles

• cypari2: Python interface to the number theory library libpari

• cysignals: Interrupt and signal handling for Cython

• cython: C-Extensions for Python, an optimizing static compiler

• dateutil: Extensions to the standard Python module datetime

• decorator: Python library providing decorators

• defusedxml: Addresses vulnerabilities of XML parsers and XML libraries

• distlib: Distribution utilities

• docutils: Processing plaintext documentation into useful formats, such as HTML or LaTeX

• ecl: An implementation of the Common Lisp language

• eclib: Enumerating and computing with elliptic curves defined over the rational numbers

• ecm: Elliptic curve method for integer factorization

• elliptic_curves: Databases of elliptic curves

• entrypoints: Discover and load entry points from installed Python packages

• fflas_ffpack: Dense linear algebra over word-size finite fields

• filelock: A platform independent file lock

• flint: Fast Library for Number Theory

• flintqs: Multi-polynomial quadratic sieve for integer factorization

• fplll: Lattice algorithms, including LLL with floating-point orthogonalization

• fpylll: Python interface for FPLLL

• freetype: A free, high-quality, and portable font engine

• gap: Groups, Algorithms, Programming - a system for computational discrete algebra

• gc: The Boehm-Demers-Weiser conservative garbage collector

• gcc: The GNU Compiler Collection, including the C, C++ and Fortran compiler

• gf2x: Fast arithmetic in GF(2)[x] and searching for irreducible/primitive trinomials

• gfan: Groebner fans and tropical varieties

• gfortran: Fortran compiler from the GNU Compiler Collection

• giac: A general purpose computer algebra system

• givaro: C++ library for arithmetic and algebraic computations

• glpk: GNU Linear Programming Kit

• gmp: Library for arbitrary precision arithmetic

• gmpy2: Python interface to GMP/MPIR, MPFR, and MPC

• graphs: A database of combinatorial graphs

• gsl: The GNU Scientific Library

• html5lib: An HTML parser

• iconv: Library for language/country-dependent character encodings

• imagesize: Parser for image file metadata

• iml: Integer Matrix Library

• importlib_metadata: Library to access the metadata for a Python package

• importlib_resources: Read resources from Python packages

• ipykernel: IPython Kernel for Jupyter

• ipython: Interactive computing environment with an enhanced interactive Python shell

• ipython_genutils: Vestigial utilities from IPython

• ipywidgets: Interactive HTML widgets for Jupyter notebooks and the IPython kernel

• jedi: Static analysis tool providing IDE support for Python

• jinja2: General purpose template engine for Python

• jmol: Java viewer for chemical structures in 3D

• jsonschema: Python implementation of JSON Schema

• jupyter_client: Jupyter protocol implementation and client libraries

• jupyter_core: Jupyter core package

• jupyter_jsmol: JSmol viewer widget for Jupyter

• kiwisolver: An implementation of the Cassowary constraint solving algorithm

• lcalc: L-function calculator

• libatomic_ops: Access hardware-provided atomic memory update operations

• libbraiding: Computing with braids

• libffi: A portable foreign-function interface library

• libgd: Dynamic graphics generation tool

• libhomfly: Compute the homfly polynomial of knots and links

• libpng: Bitmap image support

• linbox: Linear algebra with dense, sparse, structured matrices over the integers and finite fields

• lrcalc: Littlewood-Richardson calculator

• m4ri: fast arithmetic with dense matrices over GF(2)

• m4rie: Arithmetic with dense matrices over GF(2^e)

• markupsafe: Safely add untrusted strings to HTML/XML markup

• mathjax: A JavaScript library for displaying mathematical formulas

• matplotlib: Python 2D plotting library

• maxima: System for manipulating symbolic and numerical expressions

• MemoryAllocator: An extension class to allocate memory easily with cython.

• mistune: A markdown parser in pure Python

• mpc: Arithmetic of complex numbers with arbitrarily high precision and correct rounding

• mpfi: Multiple precision interval arithmetic library based on MPFR

• mpfr: Multiple-precision floating-point computations with correct rounding

• mpir: Multiple precision integers and rationals (fork of GMP)

• mpmath: Pure Python library for multiprecision floating-point arithmetic

• nauty: Find automorphism groups of graphs, generate non-isomorphic graphs

• nbconvert: Converting Jupyter Notebooks

• nbformat: Base implementation of the Jupyter notebook format

• ncurses: Classic terminal output library

• networkx: Python package for complex networks

• nose: Python unit testing framework

• notebook: Jupyter notebook, a web-based notebook environment for interactive computing

• ntl: A library for doing number theory

• numpy: Package for scientific computing with Python

• openblas: An optimized implementation of BLAS (Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms)

• openssl: Implementation of the SSL and TLS protocols

• packaging: Core utilities for Python packages

• palp: A package for Analyzing Lattice Polytopes

• pandocfilters: A Python module for writing pandoc filters

• pari: Computer algebra system for fast computations in number theory

• pari_galdata: PARI data package needed to compute Galois groups in degrees 8 through 11

• pari_seadata_small: PARI data package needed by ellap for large primes (small version)

• parso: A Python parser

• patch: Applies diffs and patches to files

• pcre: Perl-compatible regular expressions library

• pexpect: Python module for controlling and automating other programs

• pickleshare: A ‘shelve’ like datastore with concurrency support

• pillow: Python Imaging Library

• pip: Tool for installing and managing Python packages

• pkgconf: An implementation of the pkg-config spec

• pkgconfig: Python interface to pkg-config

• planarity: Planarity-related graph algorithms

• pluggy: plugin and hook calling mechanisms for python

• polytopes_db: Databases of 2- and 3-dimensional reflexive polytopes

• ppl: Parma Polyhedra Library

• pplpy: Python interface to the Parma Polyhedra Library

• prometheus_client: Python client for the systems monitoring and alerting toolkit Prometheus

• prompt_toolkit: Interactive command lines for Python

• psutil: Python library to retrieve information on processes and system utilization

• ptyprocess: Python interaction with subprocesses in a pseudoterminal

• py: library with cross-python path, ini-parsing, io, code, log facilities

• pybind11: Create Python bindings to C++ code

• pycparser: Parser of the C language in Python

• pycygwin: Python bindings for Cygwin’s C API

• pygments: Generic syntax highlighter

• pynac: A fork of the symbolic computation software GiNaC that uses Python objects

• pyparsing: A Python parsing module

• pyrsistent: Persistent data structures in Python

• python3: The Python programming language

• pytz: Timezone definitions for Python

• pyzmq: Python bindings for the zeromq networking library

• r: A free software environment for statistical computing and graphics

• ratpoints: Find rational points on hyperelliptic curves

• readline: Command line editing library

• requests: An HTTP library for Python

• rpy2: Python interface to R

• rw: Compute rank-width and rank-decompositions

• sage_conf: Configuration module for the SageMath library

• Sage: Open Source Mathematics Software: Build system of the Sage documentation

• sagenb_export: Convert legacy SageNB notebooks to Jupyter notebooks and other formats

• sagetex: Embed code, results of computations, and plots from Sage into LaTeX documents

• scandir: Fast file system iteration for Python

• scipy: Scientific tools for Python

• send2trash: Send file to trash natively under Mac OS X, Windows and Linux

• setuptools: Build system for Python packages

• setuptools_scm: Python build system extension to obtain package version from version control

• setuptools_wheel: Build the setuptools package as a wheel

• simplegeneric: Simple single-dispatch generic functions for Python

• singular: Computer algebra system for polynomial computations, algebraic geometry, singularity theory

• six: Python 2 and 3 compatibility utilities

• snowballstemmer: Stemmer algorithms for natural language processing in Python

• sphinx: Python documentation generator

• sphinxcontrib_applehelp: Sphinx extension which outputs Apple help book

• sphinxcontrib_devhelp: Sphinx extension which outputs Devhelp documents

• sphinxcontrib_htmlhelp: Sphinx extension which outputs HTML help book

• sphinxcontrib_jsmath: Sphinx extension which renders display math in HTML via JavaScript

• sphinxcontrib_qthelp: Sphinx extension which outputs QtHelp documents

• sphinxcontrib_serializinghtml: Sphinx extension which outputs serialized HTML files

• sphinxcontrib_websupport: Sphinx API for Web apps

• sqlite: An SQL database engine

• suitesparse: A suite of sparse matrix software

• symmetrica: Library for representation theory

• sympow: Computes special values of symmetric power elliptic curve L-functions

• sympy: Python library for symbolic mathematics

• tachyon: A ray tracing system

• terminado: Tornado websocket backend for the term.js Javascript terminal emulator library

• testpath: Testing utilities for filesystem-related code

• thebe: Add live Jupyter interaction to static websites

• threejs: JavaScript library to display 3D graphics in the browser

• toml: Python Library for Tom’s Obvious, Minimal Language

• tornado: Python web framework and asynchronous networking library

• tox: tox is a generic virtualenv management and test command line tool

• traitlets: A configuration system for Python applications

• typing_extensions: Backported and Experimental Type Hints for Python 3.5+

• tzlocal: Python timezone information for the local timezone

• vcversioner: Python build system extension to obtain package version from version control

• virtualenv: Virtual Python Environment builder

• wcwidth: Python support for wide characters in a terminal

• webencodings: Character encoding aliases for legacy web content

• wheel: A built-package format for Python

• widgetsnbextension: Jupyter notebook extension for interactive HTML widgets

• xz: General-purpose data compression software

• yasm: An assembler for the x86 and AMD64 instruction sets

• zeromq: A modern networking library

• zipp: A pathlib-compatible zipfile object wrapper

• zlib: Data compression library

• zn_poly: C library for polynomial arithmetic in Z/nZ[x]

Optional Packages

For additional functionality, you can install some of the following optional packages.

• 4ti2: Algebraic, geometric and combinatorial problems on linear spaces

• _bootstrap: Represents system packages required for running the top-level bootstrap script

• _recommended: Represents system packages recommended for additional functionality

• admcycles: Computation in the tautological ring of the moduli space of curves

• atlas: Automatically Tuned Linear Algebra Software (BLAS implementation)

• barvinok: Projections of integer point sets of parametric polytopes

• beautifulsoup4: A screen-scraping library

• benzene: Generate fusenes and benzenoids with a given number of faces

• biopython: Tools for computational molecular biology

• bliss: Computing automorphism groups and canonical forms of graphs

• buckygen: Efficient generation of nonisomorphic fullerenes

• cbc: COIN-OR branch and cut solver for mixed-integer programs

• ccache: A compiler cache

• coxeter3: Library for Coxeter groups, Bruhat ordering, Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials

• cryptominisat: A SAT solver

• csdp: Solver for semidefinite programs

• cunningham_tables: List of the prime numbers occuring in the Cunningham table

• d3js: JavaScript library for manipulating documents based on data

• database_cremona_ellcurve: Database of elliptic curves

• database_jones_numfield: Table of number fields

• database_knotinfo: Content of the KnotInfo and LinkInfo databases as lists of dictionaries

• database_kohel: Database of modular and Hilbert polynomials

• database_mutation_class: Database of exceptional mutation classes of quivers

• database_odlyzko_zeta: Table of zeros of the Riemann zeta function

• database_stein_watkins: Database of elliptic curves (full version)

• database_stein_watkins_mini: Database of elliptic curves (small version)

• database_symbolic_data: Database from the SymbolicData project

• dot2tex: Create PGF/TikZ commands from Graphviz output

• e_antic: Real embedded number fields

• fricas: A general purpose computer algebra system

• frobby: Computations on monomial ideals

• gap_jupyter: Jupyter kernel for GAP

• gap_packages: A collection of GAP packages

• git: Version control system

• glucose: A SAT solver

• gp2c: A compiler for translating GP routines to C

• graphviz: Graph visualization software

• igraph: A library for creating and manipulating graphs

• ipympl: Matplotlib Jupyter Extension

• isl: Sets and relations of integer points bounded by affine constraints

• jupymake: A Python wrapper for the polymake shell

• jupyter_packaging: Jupyter Packaging Utilities

• jupyterlab: An extensible environment for interactive and reproducible computing

• jupyterlab_widgets: A JupyterLab extension for Jupyter/IPython widgets

• kenzo: Construct topological spaces and compute homology groups

• latte_int: Count lattice points, compute volumes, and integrate over convex polytopes

• libnauty: Find automorphism groups of graphs, generate non-isomorphic graphs (callable library)

• libogg: Library for the Ogg multimedia container format

• libsemigroups: Library for semigroups and monoids

• libxml2: XML parser and toolkit

• lidia: A library for computational number theory

• llvm: The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure, including the Clang C/C++/Objective-C compiler

• lrslib: Reverse search algorithm for vertex enumeration and convex hull problems

• mcqd: An exact algorithm for finding a maximum clique in an undirected graph

• meataxe: Library for computing with modular representations

• mpfrcx: Arithmetic of univariate polynomials over arbitrary precision real or complex numbers

• nibabel: Access a multitude of neuroimaging data formats

• ninja_build: A build system with a focus on speed

• nodeenv: A tool to create isolated node.js environments

• nodejs: A JavaScript runtime built on Chrome’s V8 JavaScript engine

• normaliz: Computations in affine monoids, vector configurations, lattice polytopes, and rational cones

• notedown: Create IPython notebooks from markdown

• ore_algebra: Ore algebra

• p_group_cohomology: Modular cohomology rings of finite groups

• pandoc: A document converter

• pandoc_attributes: A parser and generator for pandoc block attributes

• pari_elldata: PARI data package for elliptic curves

• pari_galpol: PARI data package for polynomials defining Galois extensions of the rationals

• pari_jupyter: Jupyter kernel for PARI/GP

• pari_nftables: PARI data package for number fields

• pari_seadata: PARI data package needed by ellap for large primes (full version)

• perl_cpan_polymake_prereq: Represents all Perl packages that are prerequisites for polymake

• perl_mongodb: A prerequisite for polymake’s PolyDB feature

• plantri: Generate non-isomorphic sphere-embdedded graphs

• polylib: Operations on unions of polyhedra

• polytopes_db_4d: Database of 4-dimensional reflexive polytopes

• primecount: Algorithms for counting primes

• pybtex: A BibTeX-compatible bibliography processor in Python

• pycosat: SAT solver picosat with Python bindings

• pyflakes: Passive checker of Python programs

• pygraphviz: Python interface to Graphviz

• pynormaliz: Python bindings for the normaliz library

• pyopenssl: Python wrapper module around the OpenSSL library

• pysingular: A basic Python interface to Singular

• pytest: Simple powerful testing with Python

• python_igraph: Python bindings for igraph

• pyx: Generate PostScript, PDF, and SVG files in Python

• qhull: Compute convex hulls, Delaunay triangulations, Voronoi diagrams

• r_jupyter: Jupyter kernel for R

• rst2ipynb: Convert reStructuredText files to Jupyter notebooks

• rubiks: Programs for Rubik’s cube

• saclib: Computations with real algebraic numbers

• sage_flatsurf: computation with flat surfaces

• sage_numerical_backends_coin: COIN-OR backend for Sage MixedIntegerLinearProgram

• sage_numerical_backends_cplex: Cplex backend for Sage MixedIntegerLinearProgram

• sage_numerical_backends_gurobi: Gurobi backend for Sage MixedIntegerLinearProgram

• sage_sws2rst: Translate legacy Sage worksheet files (.sws) to reStructuredText (.rst) files

• singular_jupyter: Jupyter kernel for Singular

• sip: Python extension module generator for C and C++ libraries

• sirocco: Compute topologically certified root continuation of bivariate polynomials

• slabbe: Sébastien Labbé’s Research code

• snappy: Topology and geometry of 3-manifolds, with a focus on hyperbolic structures

• speaklater: Lazy strings for Python

• sqlalchemy: A database abstraction library

• surface_dynamics: dynamics on surfaces (measured foliations, interval exchange transformation, Teichmüller flow, etc)

• symengine: A C++ symbolic manipulation library

• symengine_py: Python wrappers for SymEngine

• tdlib: Algorithms for computing tree decompositions

• texlive: A comprehensive TeX system

• texttable: Python module for creating simple ASCII tables

• tides: Integration of ODEs

• topcom: Compute triangulations of point configurations and oriented matroids

Experimental Packages

Some packages that provide additional functionality are marked as “experimental”. Developers are needed in order to improve the integration of these packages into the Sage distribution.

• awali: Computation of/with finite state machines

• cocoalib: Computations in commutative algebra

• deformation: Count points on hypersurfaces using the deformation method

• gambit: Computations on finite, noncooperative games

• gap3: A minimal distribution of GAP 3 containing packages that have no equivalent in GAP 4

• gdb: The GNU Project debugger

• libtheora: Library for the Theora video codec

• lie: Library for the representation theory of complex semisimple Lie groups and algebras

• modular_decomposition: A modular decomposition algorithm

• perl_term_readline_gnu: Perl extension for the GNU Readline/History libraries

• polymake: Computations with polyhedra, fans, simplicial complexes, matroids, graphs, tropical hypersurfaces

• qepcad: Quantifier elimination by partial cylindrical algebraic decomposition

• scipoptsuite: Mixed integer programming solver

• surf: Visualization of algebraic curves, algebraic surfaces and hyperplane sections of surfaces

• valgrind: Memory error detector, call graph generator, runtime profiler

Detailed Listing of External Packages

• External Packages (alphabetical order)